Whether in low-Earth orbit (LEO), medium-Earth orbit (MEO), or geostationary orbit (GEO), satellites experience specific conditions directly related to their orbital path. LEO satellites operate at high relative velocities, which cause high Doppler shift and frequent handovers. Operating at significant distances from Earth’s surface leads to long signal delays and high path loss for satellites in GEO. MEO satellites share intermediate characteristic between LEO and GEO, balancing the effects of Doppler shift, handovers, latency, and path loss. With the ACE9600, users can reproduce each satellite orbit’s unique aspects by generating time-varying propagation delay, carrier Doppler shift, attenuation, path loss, ionospheric scintillation, multipath fading, and troposcatter effects. This enables engineers to thoroughly test and optimize the performance of satellite communications systems designed for LEO, MEO, or GEO.